CHAPTER 7
A TOUR OF THE CELL
I. How We
Study Cells
A. Microscopes provide windows to the world of the cell
B.
Cell biologists can isolate organelles to study their functions
II. A
Panoramic View of the Cell
A. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells differ in size and complexity
B. Internal membranes compartmentalize the functions of a
eukaryotic cell
III. The
Nucleus and Ribosomes
A. The nucleus contains a eukaryotic cell’s genetic library
B. Ribosomes build a cell’s proteins
IV. The
Endomembrane System
A. The endoplasmic reticulum manufactures membranes and performs
many other
biosynthetic functions
B. The Golgi apparatus finishes, sorts, and ships cell products
C. Lysosomes are digestive compartments
D. Vacuoles have diverse functions in cell maintenance
V. Other
Membranous Organelles
A. Peroxisomes consume oxygen in various metabolic functions
B. Mitochondria and chloroplasts are the main energy transformers
of cells
VI. The
Cytoskeleton
A. Provides structural support to cells for cell motility and
regulation
VII. Cell
Surfaces and Junctions
A. Plant cells are encased by cell walls
B. The extracellular matrix (ECM) of animal cells functions in
support, adhesion,
movement and
development
C. Intercellular junctions help integrate cells into higher levels
of structure and
Function
After reading this
chapter and attending lecture, the student should be able to:
1.
Distinguish between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
2. Explain why there are
both upper and lower limits to cell size.
3. Explain why
compartmentalization is important in eukaryotic cells.
4. Describe
the structure and function of the nucleus, and briefly explain how the nucleus
controls protein synthesis in the cytoplasm.
5. Describe
the structure and function of a eukaryotic ribosome.
6. List the
components of the endomembrane system, describe their structures and
functions and summarize the
relationships among them.
7. Describe
the vacuole & list types of vacuoles
8. Explain
the role of peroxisomes in eukaryotic cells.
9. Describe the structure & function of a mitochondrion
10. Distinguish among amyloplast, chromoplast and chloroplast.
11. Identify
the three functional compartments of a chloroplast
12. Describe
probable functions of the cytoskeleton.
13. Describe
the structure, monomers and functions of microtubules, microfilaments and
intermediate filaments.
14. Explain
how the ultrastructure of cilia and flagella relates to their function.
15. Describe the
development of plant cell walls.
16. Describe the structure
and list some functions of the extracellular matrix in animal
cells.
17. Describe
the structure of intercellular junctions found in plant and animal cells, and
relate their structure to function.