PROJECTS FOR THE EARTH/SPACE SCIENCE CLASS

Mr. Pagani, S.

PROJECT ON THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION

DUE ON 05/02/11 & 05/03/11

Every research paper will include:

1. A cover page with the title, date, student's name, student's number, class, teacher, and period number.
2. A page with a table of content. All the subtitles or sections of the paper must be orderly listed in there with the corresponding page numbers.
3. A small introductory paragraph with a summary of what the article is about.
4. All the different sections of the paper separated by one space and all will have subtitles. Every section must be as extensive and detailed as possible, including when possible, pictures, graphs, diagrams, etc. The following section must be part of the project: a) History: This section will include information regarding the originator(s) of the idea, the founders, the countries that started working on the project, the people and organizations involved, etc. b) Objectives: This section must specify a list of general immediate objectives and long-term goals. c) Structure: This section will include a specification of the actual structure of it, and the future completed one. It must state what each section or main part of the station is for. d) Research: This section must state all the scientific research that is going on at this moment, and which other research is scheduled for the future. e) Results: This section must state the results obtained until now, and the possible applications of them. f) Life in The Station: This section must describe the life of the crew members, how long can they stay in space, how long must they stay on Earth before going back to the station, their routine there, etc. g) Disciplines in The Station: This section must list the different disciplines that the crew members are specialized on (physics, chemistry, biology, astronomy, etc.), h) Opinion: This is a mandatory section. It includes your own input. Your opinion, comments at an evaluation level, interviews (for example, to an expert in the field), analysis (including comparison/contrast with similar discoveries/theories/inventions/applications, if it applies), constructive criticism, evaluations, inferences, predictions, suggested solutions, and conclusions are as important as the rest of the article which is basically informational. Express the importance of this type of research. Mention the benefits and consequences of all the possible applications of the knowledge obtained in this type of project.
5. Pictures and/or graphs (properly labeled) to illustrate and help explain the content of the article.
6. The references cited (bibliography) according to an established format (visit the website: http://www.citationmachine.net/ and use the APA Style). If you use any search engine like Google and look for “citation rules” or “citation styles” you will get plenty of websites with the information you need. Here is another one: http://www.liu.edu/cwis/cwp/library/workshop/citapa.htm
7. Suggested Internet addresses to visit about the topic. The name of the site, a summary of the main things that can be found there, and the web address must be included.
8. People or organizations to contact about the topic including name, address, phone number, fax number, e-mail, and webpages.
9. The paper must have a minimum of 5-7 pages letter size (not including the cover page, the table of content, and the literature cited), single spaced and a font not bigger than 12. The margins (top, bottom, right, and left) must be a maximum of 1 inch each.
10. Pieces of text that evidently show that they have been copied and pasted from the Internet will reduce the grade of the project. Clean the text from all the links, advertising, and unnecessary data from websites were you collect information from. Every single source where you took pieces of text, pictures, graphs from must be properly cited in the literature cited section
11. If you would like your paper to be considered for posting on Mr. Pagani's webpage, please, submit a Travel Drive, CD, or DVD with the file for the entire text in either one of these two formats: Word or rtf (rich text format). For this last one you just have to click in your computer, under file, SAVE AS and select rich text format for file type.
12. Please, do not send the file of your paper as an attachment through the school webmail. Teachers do not have so much memory available for that purpose.
13. Please, make sure that while working on this project, you save it in at least two different places: your hard drive (drive C) and a USB drive (drive E or F) or CD (drive D or E), or DVD (D or E). Having an extra copy for safety saves a lot of work and time in case that an accident happens.
14. The student should verify and double check if the USB drive, CD, or DVD has the requested content in it. The best way to do it is opening the files in a different computer. The file must have the right format and must be functional.
15. A Jump-drive (USB drive), DVD, or CD-R(or RW) with a Power Point Presentation on the topic, and a presentation to the entire class will guarantee 4 credits (The paper and file count for 6 grades). The Power Point Presentation file should be done following these instructions: Make an outline of your paper (short phrases and key words). Prepare a story board indicating which information is going to be shown in which slide and how (graphs, clip art, small amount of text in big fonts, pictures, flow charts, etc.). Then, convert that story board in a wonderful sequence of very well presented and organized slides. You want to have short amount of text in pretty big fonts and lots of visuals. Effects and sounds are not mandatory. A series of ten to twelve slides should be enough for what is needed. Extra work is always welcome and rewarded.

PROJECT ON ENERGY

DUE ON 11/24-25/08

RESEARCH PROJECT ON ENERGY – Mr. Pagani – Due on 11/24-25/08

Each student will research only one type of energy assigned by the teacher. Check your grades online for the type of energy. Every research paper will include:

1. A cover page with the title, date, student name, student ID number, class, teacher, and period number.
2. A page with a table of content. All the subtitles or sections of the paper must be orderly listed in there with the corresponding page numbers.
3. A small introductory paragraph with a summary of what the article is about.
4. All the different sections of the paper separated by one space (single spacing) and all with subtitles. Every section must be as extensive and detailed as possible, including when possible, pictures, graphs, diagrams, etc. Make sure that your subtitles include: 1) Discovery of this source of energy (who, when, where, how, etc). 2) Origin (e.g. fossil fuels are the result of fossilized organic matter). 3) Location (which places in the world have it? where is this source available?). 4) Extraction (How do we extract it or obtain it? Show the machinery used for that. Show a diagram where the parts and functions are indicated. Explain how it works) 5) what process provides us with the energy (How do we process the raw material or source to obtain the energy? Show diagrams, parts, functions, and explain how it works) 6) which major uses and applications does it have? 7) Which are the advantages of using this source of energy? 8) Which are the disadvantages of using this source of energy? 9) What is the economy behind it? 10) Politics (Which role does politics play in the management of this energy source?, Is this a crucial energy source in a war situation?, etc.) 11) Opinion.  (Which suggestions do you make to preserve this energy source? Which suggestions do you make about the usage we are making of this energy source? What would you change? What would you improve? What is it that you think it is done wrong? Why? How do you see the future of this source of energy? Why?. The Opinion of The Researcher section is a mandatory section for all topics. It includes your own input. Your opinion, comments at an evaluation level, interviews (for example, to an expert in the field), analysis (made by the student including comparison/contrast with similar discoveries/theories/inventions/applications, if it applies), constructive criticism, evaluations, inferences, predictions, suggested solutions, and conclusions are as important as the rest of the article which is basically informational and it is a compendium of different pieces of text coming from different sources. Express the importance of this type of research. Mention the benefits and consequences of all the possible applications of the knowledge obtained by this type of research.
5. Pictures and/or graphs (properly labeled) to illustrate and help explain the content of the article.
6. The references cited (bibliography) according to the established format called APA style (visit the website: http://www.apastyle.org/)
7. Suggested Internet addresses to visit about the topic. The name of the site, a summary of the main things that can be found there, and the web address must be included.
8. People or organizations to contact about the topic including name, address, phone number, fax number, e-mail, and web pages.
9. The paper must have a minimum of 8 pages letter size (not including the cover page, the table of content, and the literature cited), single spaced and a font not bigger than 12. The margins (top, bottom, right, and left) must be a maximum of 1 inch each.
10. Pieces of text that evidently show that they have been copied and pasted from the Internet will reduce the grade of the project. Clean the text from all the links, advertising, and unnecessary data from websites were you collect information from. Every single source where you took pieces of text, pictures, and graphs from must be properly cited in the literature cited section.
11. You must submit a CD, DVD, or USB Drive with the file for the entire text in either one of these two formats: Word or rtf (rich text format). For this last one you just have to click in your computer, under file, SAVE AS and select rich text format for file type. Please, when you are working on this project make sure that, during every working session, you save it in at least two different places: your hard drive (drive C) and the CD (drive D or E) or jump drive. Some people use servers that they have for that purpose (backup). Having an extra copy for safety saves a lot of work and time in case that an accident happens.
12. The student should verify and double check if the CD, DVD or USB drive has the requested content in it. The best way to do it is opening the files in a different computer. The file must have the right format and must be functional.
13. A CD, DVD or USB drive with a Power Point Presentation on the topic. A presentation to the entire class is mandatory. The Power Point Presentation file should be done following these instructions: Make an outline of your paper (short phrases and key words only). Prepare a story board indicating which information is going to be shown in which slide and how (graphs, clip art, small amount of text in big fonts, pictures, flow charts, etc.). Then, convert that story board in a wonderful sequence of very well presented and organized slides. You want to have short amount of text in pretty big fonts and lots of visual materials. Effects and sounds are not mandatory. A series of ten to twelve slides should be enough for what is needed. Extra work is always welcome and rewarded.
14. The paper, CD, DVD, or USB drive and the presentation are due on 11/24/08 for the 4^th period class and on 11/25/08 for the 1^st, 3^rd, and 5^th period class.
15. Check your grades online. Look for the number (“grade”) under the assignment entitled “Type of Energy you will do your research on”. That number corresponds to the type of energy that you will do your research on from the list below. Here is the list:

Types of Energy

1. Solar Energy

2. Coal

3. Petroleum

4. Natural Gas

5. Hydroelectrical

6. Geothermal

7. Wind Energy

8. Nuclear Energy

9. Biogas

10. Ethanol & Methanol

Earth/Space Science – Mr. Pagani – 4^th Term - Topics for Astronomy

Project due on 05/19-20/08:

List of Topics in Astronomy.

The number that you will find under an assignment called “Astronomy Topic you will do Research on” in your grades online, indicates which number in this list is the one that has the topic that you will do your research on.

1. The Evolution of how we look at the Universe. The Heliocentric and Geocentric Theories. Galileo. Johannes Kepler.
2. Ancient Astronomers. El Caracol of the Mayas. History of Science in Ancient Greece. Hipparchus. Ptolemy.
3. The Big Bang Theory. The origin of Big Bang. Antigravity. Antimatter. Inflation. Quarks.
4. Black Holes. How are they created? Effects on Time. Spaghettifacation. Relativity. Thermonuclear reactions. Event Horizon. SuperNova. White Dwarf. Nuclear Fission. Singularity. Neutron Stars. Binary Stars.
5. Comets. Structure of a comet. Famous comets. Halley’s Comet. The relationship between comets and the sun. Tails. Solar winds. Orbit. Revolution.
6. Constellations. Big Dipper. Great Bear. Little Dipper. Twins. Virgin Pegasus. Whale. Hare. Scorpius.
7. Galaxies. How does a galaxy form? Types of galaxies. Discoverer of galaxies. The Milky Way.
8. Meteors and Asteroids. What are they? How did they form? Risks of become destroyed by them.
9. Moons. Our moon. Phobos. Deimos. Other Solar system moons.
10. Aurora Borealis. Northern lights. Magnetic field. Photon. Solar flares. Solar winds. Zenith.
11. Mars. Surface. Volcanoes. Channels. Poles. Moons. Atmosphere. The longest Canyon. Results of the exploration to Mars.
12. Space Shuttle. Rockets. Artificial Satellites. Structure. Functions. History and Evolution of Space Shuttles. Achievements.
13. Stars. Star formation. Neutron stars. Red Giants. White Dwarfs. Life Cycle of a Star.
14. The Sun. Composition. Parts. Sunlight. Solar and Lunar Eclipses.
15. Optical telescopes. Structure. Most important observatories with this type of telescope. Discoveries. Accomplishments.
16. Radiotelescopes. Structure. Function. Most important ones. Discoveries. Accomplishments.
17. Hubble Space Telescope. Structure. Function. Discoveries. Achievements.
18. Chandra X-Ray Observatory. Other X-Ray telescopes. Structure. Function. Discoveries. Accomplishments.
19. Neutrino Telescopes. Dark Matter telescopes. Structure. Function. Discoveries. Achievements.
20. Gamma rays telescopes. Structure. Function. Discoveries. Accomplishments.
21. Infrared telescopes. Structure. Function. Discoveries. Achievements.
22. Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope. Structure. Function. Discoveries. Accomplishments.
23. NASA most recent missions, non including Mars. Purpose. Tools. Schedule. Achievements.

Each student will research only one topic assigned by the teacher. Every research paper will include:

12. A cover page with the title, date, student's name, student's number, class, teacher, and period number. Your grades online show an assignment called “Astronomy Topic you will do Research on”. You will see a number in that column and that number corresponds to the number in the list of Astronomy topics provided above.
13. A page with a table of content. All the subtitles or sections of the paper must be orderly listed in there with the corresponding page numbers.
14. A small introductory paragraph with a summary of what the article is about.
15. All the different sections of the paper separated by one space and all will have subtitles. Every section must be as extensive and detailed as possible, including when possible, pictures, graphs, diagrams, etc.
16. The Opinion of The Researcher section is a mandatory section for all topics. It includes your own input. Your opinion, comments at an evaluation level, interviews (for example, to an expert in the field), analysis (made by the student including comparison/contrast with similar discoveries/theories/inventions/applications, if it applies), constructive criticism, evaluations, inferences, predictions, suggested solutions, and conclusions are as important as the rest of the article which is basically informational and it is a compendium of different pieces of text coming from different sources. Express the importance of this type of research. Mention the benefits and consequences of all the possible applications of the knowledge obtained by this type of research.
17. Pictures and/or graphs (properly labeled) to illustrate and help explain the content of the article.
18. The references cited (bibliography) according to an established format (visit the website: http://www.citationmachine.net/ and use the APA Style). If you use any search engine like Google and look for “citation rules” or “citation styles” you will get plenty of websites with the information you need. Here is another one: http://www.liu.edu/cwis/cwp/library/workshop/citapa.htm
19. Suggested Internet addresses to visit about the topic. The name of the site, a summary of the main things that can be found there, and the web address must be included.
20. People or organizations to contact about the topic including name, address, phone number, fax number, e-mail, and webpages.
21. The paper must have a minimum of 6-8  pages letter size (not including the cover page, the table of content, and the literature cited), single spaced and a font not bigger than 12. The margins (top, bottom, right, and left) must be a maximum of 1 inch each.
22. Pieces of text that evidently show that they have been copied and pasted from the Internet will reduce the grade of the project. Clean the text from all the links, advertising, and unnecessary data from websites were you collect information from. Every single source where you took pieces of text, pictures, graphs from must be properly cited in the literature cited section
23. If you would like your paper to be considered for posting on Mr. Pagani's webpage, please, submit a floppy disk or CD with the file for the entire text in either one of these two formats: Word or rtf (rich text format). For this last one you just have to click in your computer, under file, SAVE AS and select rich text format for file type.
24. Please, make sure that while working on this project, you save it in at least two different places: your hard drive (drive C) and a USB drive (drive E or F) or CD (drive D or E), or DVD (D or E). Having an extra copy for safety saves a lot of work and time in case that an accident happens.
25. The student should verify and double check if the USB drive, CD, or DVD has the requested content in it. The best way to do it is opening the files in a different computer. The file must have the right format and must be functional.
26. An Jump-drive (USB drive), DVD, or CD-R(or RW) with a Power Point Presentation on the topic, and a presentation to the entire class will guarantee extra 5 credits (The paper and file count for 5 grades). The Power Point Presentation file should be done following these instructions: Make an outline of your paper (short phrases and key words). Prepare a story board indicating which information is going to be shown in which slide and how (graphs, clip art, small amount of text in big fonts, pictures, flow charts, etc.). Then, convert that story board in a wonderful sequence of very well presented and organized slides. You want to have short amount of text in pretty big fonts and lots of visuals. Effects and sounds are not mandatory. A series of eight to ten slides should be enough for what is needed. Extra work is always welcome and rewarded.

PROJECT ON ENERGY

DUE ON 03/19/08 & 03/20/07

RESEARCH PROJECT ON ENERGY – Mr. Pagani – Due on 3/19-20/08

Each student will research only one type of energy assigned by the teacher. Check your grades online for the type of energy. Every research paper will include:

27. A cover page with the title, date, student name, student ID number, class, teacher, and period number.
28. A page with a table of content. All the subtitles or sections of the paper must be orderly listed in there with the corresponding page numbers.
29. A small introductory paragraph with a summary of what the article is about.
30. All the different sections of the paper separated by one space (single spacing) and all with subtitles. Every section must be as extensive and detailed as possible, including when possible, pictures, graphs, diagrams, etc. Make sure that your subtitles include: 1) Discovery of this source of energy (who, when, where, how, etc). 2) Origin (e.g. fossil fuels are the result of fossilized organic matter). 3) Location (which places in the world have it? where is this source available?). 4) Extraction (How do we extract it or obtain it? Show the machinery used for that. Show a diagram where the parts and functions are indicated. Explain how it works) 5) What process provides us with the energy (How do we process the raw material or source to obtain the energy? Show diagrams, parts, functions, and explain how it works) 6) Which major uses and applications does it have? 7) Which are the advantages of using this source of energy? 8) Which are the disadvantages of using this source of energy? 9) What is the economy behind it? 10) Politics (Which role does politics play in the management of this energy source?, Is this a crucial energy source in a war situation?, etc.) 11) Opinion. (Which suggestions do you make to preserve this energy source? Which suggestions do you make about the usage we are making of this energy source? What would you change? What would you improve? What is it that you think it is done wrong? Why? How do you see the future of this source of energy? Why?. The Opinion of The Researcher section is a mandatory section for all topics. It includes your own input. Your opinion, comments at an evaluation level, interviews (for example, to an expert in the field), analysis (made by the student including comparison/contrast with similar discoveries/theories/inventions/applications, if it applies), constructive criticism, evaluations, inferences, predictions, suggested solutions, and conclusions are as important as the rest of the article which is basically informational and it is a compendium of different pieces of text coming from different sources. Express the importance of this type of research. Mention the benefits and consequences of all the possible applications of the knowledge obtained by this type of research.
31. Pictures and/or graphs (properly labeled) to illustrate and help explain the content of the article.
32. The references cited (bibliography) according to an established format (visit the website: http://www.library.wisc.edu/libraries/Memorial/citing.htm#APA and use the APA Style)
33. Suggested Internet addresses to visit about the topic. The name of the site, a summary of the main things that can be found there, and the web address must be included.
34. People or organizations to contact about the topic including name, address, phone number, fax number, e-mail, and web pages.
35. The paper must have a minimum of 8 pages letter size (not including the cover page, the table of content, and the literature cited), single spaced and a font not bigger than 12. The margins (top, bottom, right, and left) must be a maximum of 1 inch each.
36. Pieces of text that evidently show that they have been copied and pasted from the Internet will reduce the grade of the project. Clean the text from all the links, advertising, and unnecessary data from websites were you collect information from. Every single source where you took pieces of text, pictures, and graphs from must be properly cited in the literature cited section.
37. You must submit a CD, DVD, or USB Drive with the file for the entire text in either one of these two formats: Word or rtf (rich text format). For this last one you just have to click in your computer, under file, SAVE AS and select rich text format for file type. Please, when you are working on this project make sure that, during every working session, you save it in at least two different places: your hard drive (drive C) and the CD (drive D or E) or jump drive. Some people use servers that they have for that purpose (backup). Having an extra copy for safety saves a lot of work and time in case that an accident happens.
38. The student should verify and double check if the CD, DVD or USB drive has the requested content in it. The best way to do it is opening the files in a different computer. The file must have the right format and must be functional.
39. A CD, DVD or USB drive with a Power Point Presentation on the topic, and a presentation to the entire class is mandatory. The Power Point Presentation file should be done following these instructions: Make an outline of your paper (short phrases and key words only). Prepare a story board indicating which information is going to be shown in which slide and how (graphs, clip art, small amount of text in big fonts, pictures, flow charts, etc.). Then, convert that story board in a wonderful sequence of very well presented and organized slides. You want to have short amount of text in pretty big fonts and lots of visual materials. Effects and sounds are not mandatory. A series of ten to twelve slides should be enough for what is needed. Extra work is always welcome and rewarded.
40. The paper, CD, DVD, or USB drive and the presentation are due on 03/19/08 and 03/20/08, depending on which day you have class.
41. Check your grades online. Look for the number (“grade”) under the assignment entitled “Type of Energy you will do your research on”. That number corresponds to the type of energy that you will do your research on from the list below. Here is the list:

Types of Energy

1. Solar Energy

2. Coal

3. Petroleum

4. Natural Gas

5. Hydroelectrical

6. Geothermal

7. Wind Energy

8. Nuclear Energy

9. Biogas

10. Ethanol & Methanol

Earth/Space Science – Mr. Pagani – 3^rd Term - Topics for Astronomy Project due on 03/12-03/07:

24. The Evolution of how we look at the Universe. The Heliocentric and Geocentric Theories. Galileo. Johannes Kepler.
25. Ancient Astronomers. El Caracol of the Mayas. History of Science in Ancient Greece . Hipparchus. Ptolemy.
26. The Big Bang Theory. The origin of Big Bang. Antigravity. Antimatter. Inflation. Quarks.
27. Black Holes. How are they created?. Effects on Time. Spaghettifacation. Relativity. Thermonuclear reactions. Event Horizon. SuperNova. White Dwarf. Nuclear Fission. Singularity. Neutron Stars. Binary Stars.
28. Comets. Structure of a comet. Famous comets. Halley’s Comet. The relationship between comets and the sun. Tails. Solar winds. Orbit. Revolution.
29. Constellations. Big Dipper. Great Bear. Little Dipper. Twins. Virgin Pegasus. Whale. Hare. Scorpius.
30. Galaxies. How does a galaxy form? Types of galaxies. Dicoverer of galaxies. The Milky Way.
31. Meteors and Asteroids. What are they? How did they form? Risks of become destroyed by them.
32. Moons. Our moon. Phobos. Deimos. Other Solar system moons.
33. Aurora Borealis. Northern lights. Magnetic field. Photon. Solar flares. Solar winds. Zenith.
34. Planets of our Solar System. Their Composition, orbits, atmospheres, moons, rotation, translation, and most important features. Mercury. Mercury’s shrinking. Venus. Why is it called the evening star? Earth. Mars. Why is it red? Jupiter. What makes it storms? Saturn. What are its rings made of? Uranus. Why does it spin on its side? Neptune . How is it different from Uranus? Pluto. Mythology of planets.
35. Mars. Surface. Volcanoes. Channels. Poles. Moons. Atmosphere. The longest Canyon. Results of the exploration to Mars.
36. Space Shuttle. Rockets. Artificial Satellites. Structure. Functions. History and Evolution of Space Shuttles. Achievements.
37. Stars. Star formation. Neutron stars. Red Giants. White Dwarfs. Life Cycle of a Star.
38. The Sun. Composition. Parts. Sunlight. Solar and Lunar Eclipses.
39. Optical telescopes. Structure. Most important observatories with this type of telescope. Discoveries. Accomplishments.
40. Radiotelescopes. Structure. Function. Most important ones. Discoveries. Accomplishments.
41. Hubble Space Telescope. Structure. Function. Discoveries. Achievements.
42. Chandra X-Ray Observatory. Other X-Ray telescopes. Structure. Function. Discoveries. Accomplishments.
43. Neutrino Telescopes. Dark Matter telescopes. Structure. Function. Discoveries. Achievements.
44. Gamma rays telescopes. Structure. Function. Discoveries. Accomplishments.
45. Infrared telescopes. Structure. Function. Discoveries. Achievements.
46. Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope. Structure. Function. Discoveries. Accomplishments.
47. NASA most recent missions, non including Mars. Purpose. Tools. Schedule. Achievements.

Each student will research only one topic assigned by the teacher. Every research paper will include:

42. A cover page with the title, date, student's name, student's number, class, teacher, and period number.
43. A page with a table of content. All the subtitles or sections of the paper must be orderly listed in there with the corresponding page numbers.
44. A small introductory paragraph with a summary of what the article is about.
45. All the different sections of the paper separated by one space and all will have subtitles. Every section must be as extensive and detailed as possible, including when possible, pictures, graphs, diagrams, etc.
46. The Opinion of The Researcher section is a mandatory section for all topics. It includes your own input. Your opinion, comments at an evaluation level, interviews (for example, to an expert in the field), analysis (made by the student including comparison/contrast with similar discoveries/theories/inventions/applications, if it applies), constructive criticism, evaluations, inferences, predictions, suggested solutions, and conclusions are as important as the rest of the article which is basically informational and it is a compendium of different pieces of text coming from different sources. Express the importance of this type of research. Mention the benefits and consequences of all the possible applications of the knowledge obtained by this type of research.
47. Pictures and/or graphs (properly labeled) to illustrate and help explain the content of the article.
48. The references cited (bibliography) according to an established format (visit the website: http://www.library.wisc.edu/libraries/Memorial/citing.htm#APA and use the APA Style)
49. Suggested Internet addresses to visit about the topic. The name of the site, a summary of the main things that can be found there, and the web address must be included.
50. People or organizations to contact about the topic including name, address, phone number, fax number, e-mail, and webpages.
51. The paper must have a minimum of 6-8  pages letter size (not including the cover page, the table of content, and the literature cited), single spaced and a font not bigger than 12. The margins (top, bottom, right, and left) must be a maximum of 1 inch each.
52. Pieces of text that evidently show that they have been copied and pasted from the Internet will reduce the grade of the project. Clean the text from all the links, advertising, and unnecessary data from websites were you collect information from. Every single source where you took pieces of text, pictures, graphs from must be properly cited in the literature cited section
53. If you would like your paper to be considered for posting on Mr. Pagani's webpage, please, submit a floppy disk or CD with the file for the entire text in either one of these two formats: Word or rtf (rich text format). For this last one you just have to click in your computer, under file, SAVE AS and select rich text format for file type. Please, make sure you save it in at least two different places: your hard drive (drive C) and the floppy (drive A) or CD (drive D or E). Having an extra copy for safety saves a lot of work and time in case that an accident happens.
54. The student should verify and double check if the floppy disk or CD has the requested content in it. The best way to do it is opening the files in a different computer. The file must have the right format and must be functional.
55. An optional Diskette or CD-R with a Power Point Presentation on the topic, and a presentation to the entire class will guarantee extra credits. The Power Point Presentation file should be done following these instructions: Make an outline of your paper (short phrases and key words). Prepare a story board indicating which information is going to be shown in which slide and how (graphs, clip art, small amount of text in big fonts, pictures, flow charts, etc.). Then, convert that story board in a wonderful sequence of very well presented and organized slides. You want to have short amount of text in pretty big fonts and lots of visuals. Effects and sounds are not mandatory. A series of eight to ten slides should be enough for what is needed. Extra work is always welcome and rewarded.

____________________________________________________________________________________

PROJECT ON SEAFLOOR FEATURES

DUE ON 05/01/06 & 05/02/03

Every project must have:

a) A paper, which will include:

1. A cover page with an attractive title, date, student's name, student's number, class, teacher, and period number.
2. A page with a table of content. All the subtitles or sections of the paper must be orderly listed in there with the corresponding page numbers.
3. A small introductory paragraph with a summary of what the paper is about.
4. All the different sections of the paper separated by one space and all will have subtitles. The Subtitles are: The Seafloor Features, Tools and Methods of Ocean Research, Mapping the Ocean Floor, Ocean Floor Topography, World Projects to Study the Ocean Floor, The Opinion of the Researcher (your opinion).
5. The Seafloor Features section must include the description and characteristics of the most important ocean floor features: abyssal plains, ridges, seamounts, guyots, reefs, atolls, plate boundaries, and trenches.
6. The Tools and Methods of Ocean Research section must describe and specify the use of oceanic research vessels, the method of coring, the sonar, the submersibles, the satellites, and others. Show they works and include pictures, diagrams, and graphs, if available.
7. The Mapping of the Ocean Floor section must include all the methodology used to generate maps of the ocean floor, the usage given to this maps, and the importance of them.
8. The Ocean Floor Topography section will include an overview of the distribution of the most important structures on the floor of the ocean all over the world.
9. World Project to study the Ocean floor will include an overview of all the most important projects, and organizations that have done and/or are currently doing research on the ocean floors worldwide. 
10. The Opinion of The Researcher section includes your own input. Your opinion, comments at an evaluation level, interviews (for example, to an expert in the field), analysis ( made by the student including comparison/contrast with similar discoveries/inventions/applications, if it applies), constructive criticism, evaluations, inferences, predictions, suggested solutions, and conclusions are as important as the rest of the article which is basically informational and it is a compendium of different pieces of text coming from different sources. Express the importance of this type of research. Mention the benefits and consequences of all the possible applications of the knowledge obtained by this type of research.
11. Pictures and/or graphs (properly labeled) to illustrate and help explain the content of the article.
12. The references cited (bibliography) according to an established format (visit the website: http://www.library.wisc.edu/libraries/Memorial/citing.htm#APA and use the APA Style)
13. Suggested Internet addresses to visit about the topic.
14. People or organizations to contact about the topic including name, address, phone number, fax number, e-mail, and webpages
15. The paper must have a minimum of 6-8  pages letter size (not including the cover page, the table of content, and the literature cited), single spaced and a font not bigger than 12. The margins (top, bottom, right, and left) must be a maximum of 1 inch each.
16. Pieces of text that evidently show that they have been copied and pasted from the Internet will reduce the grade of the project. Clean the text from all the links, advertising, and unnecessary data from websites were you collect information from.
17. If you would like your paper to be considered for posting on Mr. Pagani's webpage, please, submit a floppy disk or CD with the file for the entire text in either one of these two formats: Word or rtf (rich text format). For this last one you just have to click in your computer, under file, SAVE AS and select rich text format for file type. Please, make sure you save it in at least two different places: your hard drive (drive C) and the floppy (drive A) or CD (drive D or E). Having an extra copy for safety saves a lot of work and time in case that an accident happens.
18. The student should verify and double check if the floppy disk or CD has the requested content in it. The best way to do it is opening the files in a different computer. The file must have the right format and must be functional.

b) A box with the model of the specific seafloor feature assigned inside. The box should not exceed the following dimensions: 4 inches in height, 7 inches of length, 4 inches of width. The model inside must be made of a material hard enough as to not allow the stick that will play the role of the "depth measuring device" (sonar-like device) to penetrate it. The top cover should have pasted on it a graph paper with squares of half a centimeter of side length. Little holes must be opened in every point of intersection. The ones on the exterior line near the border and along the longest side of the box must be numbered. The ones near the border on the shortest side of the box must be identified with letters in alphabetical order. A 5 inches long stick that passes through the holes must be provided. The suggested materials are: cardboard for the box, Plaster of Paris for the model, a wood stick (like for shish-kebab or a straight piece of wire from a hanger may work fine), and a piece of graph paper with bold gridlines (drawn with a ruler and a pen). Any substitute material that "works" is welcome. Take advantage of any material available at home that does not cost any money. Please ensure that the model of plaster (or its substitute) is attached to the bottom of the box and it does not slip.

Codes for the features:

1 Plate Boundary with a Trench and Abyssal Plain

2 Two mid-ocean Ridges

3 Two Seamounts

4 One Guyot

5 One Atoll

6 A Rift Valley in the middle of 4 Ridges

7 Underwater Volcano

The Miami Dade County Public Schools Division of Math & Sciences has posted the instructions for a similar model. Check it out here: http://mathscience.dadeschools.net/scope_n_sequence/EarthSpace_Packet.pdf It is the last activity of the package (pages 54 and 55) and it is titled OCEAN FLOOR MODEL PROJECT.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

RESEARCH PROJECT ON ENERGY – Mr. Pagani – Due on 2/27-28/06

Each group will research only one type of energy assigned by the teacher. Every research paper will include:

1. A cover page with the title, date, students’ names, students’ ID numbers, class, teacher, and period number.
2. A page with a table of content. All the subtitles or sections of the paper must be orderly listed in there with the corresponding page numbers.
3. A small introductory paragraph with a summary of what the article is about.
4. All the different sections of the paper separated by one space (single spacing) and all will have subtitles. Every section must be as extensive and detailed as possible, including when possible, pictures, graphs, diagrams, etc. Make sure that your subtitles include: 1) Discovery of this source of energy (who, when, where, how, etc). 2) Origin (e.g. fossil fuels are the result fossilized organic matter). 3) Location (which places in the world have it? where is this source available?). 4) Extraction (How do we extract it or obtain it? Show the machinery used. Show a diagram where the parts and functions are indicated. Explain how it works) 5) What process provides us with the energy (How do we process it to obtain the energy? Show diagrams, parts, functions, and explain how it works) 6) Which major uses and applications does it have? 7) Which are the advantages of using this source of energy? 8) Which are the disadvantages of using this source of energy? 9) What is the economy behind it? 10) Politics (Which role does politics play in the management of this energy source?, Is this a crucial energy source in a war situation?, etc.) 11) Opinion. (Which suggestions do you make to preserve this energy source? Which suggestions do you make about the usage we are making of this energy source? What would you change? What would you improve? What is it that you think it is done wrong? Why? How do you see the future of this source of energy? Why?. The Opinion of The Researcher section is a mandatory section for all topics. It includes your own input. Your opinion, comments at an evaluation level, interviews (for example, to an expert in the field), analysis (made by the student including comparison/contrast with similar discoveries/theories/inventions/applications, if it applies), constructive criticism, evaluations, inferences, predictions, suggested solutions, and conclusions are as important as the rest of the article which is basically informational and it is a compendium of different pieces of text coming from different sources. Express the importance of this type of research. Mention the benefits and consequences of all the possible applications of the knowledge obtained by this type of research.
5. Pictures and/or graphs (properly labeled) to illustrate and help explain the content of the article.
6. The references cited (bibliography) according to an established format (visit the website: http://www.library.wisc.edu/libraries/Memorial/citing.htm#APA and use the APA Style)
7. Suggested Internet addresses to visit about the topic. The name of the site, a summary of the main things that can be found there, and the web address must be included.
8. People or organizations to contact about the topic including name, address, phone number, fax number, e-mail, and web pages.
9. The paper must have a minimum of 8 pages letter size (not including the cover page, the table of content, and the literature cited), single spaced and a font not bigger than 12. The margins (top, bottom, right, and left) must be a maximum of 1 inch each.
10. Pieces of text that evidently show that they have been copied and pasted from the Internet will reduce the grade of the project. Clean the text from all the links, advertising, and unnecessary data from websites were you collect information from. Every single source where you took pieces of text, pictures, and graphs from must be properly cited in the literature cited section.
11. You must submit a floppy disk or CD with the file for the entire text in either one of these two formats: Word or rtf (rich text format). For this last one you just have to click in your computer, under file, SAVE AS and select rich text format for file type. Please, when you are working on this project make sure that, during every session, you save it in at least two different places: your hard drive (drive C) and the floppy (drive A) or CD (drive D or E) or jump drive. Some people use servers that they have for that purpose (backup). Having an extra copy for safety saves a lot of work and time in case that an accident happens.
12. The student should verify and double check if the floppy disk or CD or jump-drive has the requested content in it. The best way to do it is opening the files in a different computer. The file must have the right format and must be functional.
13. A Diskette or CD-R with a Power Point Presentation on the topic, and a presentation to the entire class is mandatory. The Power Point Presentation file should be done following these instructions: Make an outline of your paper (short phrases and key words only). Prepare a story board indicating which information is going to be shown in which slide and how (graphs, clip art, small amount of text in big fonts, pictures, flow charts, etc.). Then, convert that story board in a wonderful sequence of very well presented and organized slides. You want to have short amount of text in pretty big fonts and lots of visual materials. Effects and sounds are not mandatory. A series of ten to twelve slides should be enough for what is needed. Extra work is always welcome and rewarded.
14. The paper, CD, and presentation are due on 02/27/06 and 02/28/06, depending on which day you have class.

______________________________________________________________________________________________

DUE ON 12/07-09/05

EXTRA CREDIT – RESEARCH PROJECT PRESENTATION - EARTH/SPACE SCIENCE – 2005-06

Mr. PAGANI

Each student will research only one topic assigned by the teacher. Every research paper will include:

15. A cover page with the title, date, student's name, student's number, class, teacher, and period number.
16. A page with a table of content. All the subtitles or sections of the paper must be orderly listed in there with the corresponding page numbers.
17. A small introductory paragraph with a summary of what the article is about.
18. All the different sections of the paper separated by one space and all will have subtitles. Every section must be as extensive and detailed as possible, including when possible, pictures, graphs, diagrams, etc. Make sure that your subtitles include: Who discovered or invented it and a little background of this scientist, how was it discovered or invented, what is the name of the discovery or invention and why was it called like that, what is that discovery or invention useful for, how can it be used, which advantages and disadvantages does it have, how it compares to similar previous discoveries or inventions, what is the importance of it, which are the consequences of using it, etc.
19. The Opinion of The Researcher section is a mandatory section for all topics. It includes your own input. Your opinion, comments at an evaluation level, interviews (for example, to an expert in the field), analysis (made by the student including comparison/contrast with similar discoveries/theories/inventions/applications, if it applies), constructive criticism, evaluations, inferences, predictions, suggested solutions, and conclusions are as important as the rest of the article which is basically informational and it is a compendium of different pieces of text coming from different sources. Express the importance of this type of research. Mention the benefits and consequences of all the possible applications of the knowledge obtained by this type of research.
20. Pictures and/or graphs (properly labeled) to illustrate and help explain the content of the article.
21. The references cited (bibliography) according to an established format (visit the website: http://www.library.wisc.edu/libraries/Memorial/citing.htm#APA and use the APA Style)
22. Suggested Internet addresses to visit about the topic. The name of the site, a summary of the main things that can be found there, and the web address must be included.
23. People or organizations to contact about the topic including name, address, phone number, fax number, e-mail, and web pages.
24. The paper must have a minimum of 6 pages letter size (not including the cover page, the table of content, and the literature cited), single spaced and a font not bigger than 12. The margins (top, bottom, right, and left) must be a maximum of 1 inch each.
25. Pieces of text that evidently show that they have been copied and pasted from the Internet will reduce the grade of the project. Clean the text from all the links, advertising, and unnecessary data from websites were you collect information from. Every single source where you took pieces of text, pictures, and graphs from must be properly cited in the literature cited section.
26. If you would like your paper to be considered for posting on Mr. Pagani's webpage, please, submit a floppy disk or CD with the file for the entire text in either one of these two formats: Word or rtf (rich text format). For this last one you just have to click in your computer, under file, SAVE AS and select rich text format for file type. Please, when you are working on this project make sure that, during every session, you save it in at least two different places: your hard drive (drive C) and the floppy (drive A) or CD (drive D or E). Some people use servers that they have for that purpose (backup). Having an extra copy for safety saves a lot of work and time in case that an accident happens.
27. The student should verify and double check if the floppy disk or CD or jump-drive has the requested content in it. The best way to do it is opening the files in a different computer. The file must have the right format and must be functional.
28. A Diskette or CD-R with a Power Point Presentation on the topic, and a presentation to the entire class will guarantee the extra credits. The Power Point Presentation file should be done following these instructions: Make an outline of your paper (short phrases and key words only). Prepare a story board indicating which information is going to be shown in which slide and how (graphs, clip art, small amount of text in big fonts, pictures, flow charts, etc.). Then, convert that story board in a wonderful sequence of very well presented and organized slides. You want to have short amount of text in pretty big fonts and lots of visual materials. Effects and sounds are not mandatory. A series of eight to ten slides should be enough for what is needed. Extra work is always welcome and rewarded.
29. The first letter of your last name will determine which topic you will work on:
1. Letters A-B-C will work on topic 1
2. Letters D-E-F will work on topic 2
3. Letters G-H-I will work on topic 3
4. Letters J-K-L-M will work on topic 4
5. Letters N-O-P will work on topic 5
6. Letters Q-R-S will work on topic 6
7. Letters T-U-V will work on topic 7
8. Letters W-X-Y-Z will work on topic 8

Topics:

1) A recent discovery or an invention useful in Geology

2) A recent discovery or an invention useful in Meteorology

3) A recent discovery or an invention useful in Mineralogy

4) A recent discovery or an invention useful in Astronomy

5) A recent discovery or an invention useful in Geography

6) A recent discovery or an invention useful in Oceanography

7) A recent discovery or an invention useful in Environmental studies of Florida

8) A recent discovery or an invention useful in Environmental studies worldwide (not Florida)

16. DUE DATES: Period 1 – Wednesday the 7^th of December

Periods 4 & 6 – Thursday the 8^th of December

Periods 3 & 5 - Friday the 9^th of December

Note: Earlier submission and presentation is welcome. Later work is not acceptable.

__________________________________________________________________________________

DUE ON 05/24/04 & 05/25/04

Earth/Space Science – Mr. Pagani – 4^th Term - Topics for Astronomy Project due on 05/24-25/04:

48. The Evolution of how we look at the Universe. The Heliocentric and Geocentric Theories. Galileo. Johannes Kepler.
49. Ancient Astronomers. El Caracol of the Mayas. History of Science in Ancient Greece . Hipparchus. Ptolemy.
50. The Big Bang Theory. The origin of Big Bang. Antigravity. Antimatter. Inflation. Quarks.
51. Black Holes. How are they created?. Effects on Time. Spaghettifacation. Relativity. Thermonuclear reactions. Event Horizon. SuperNova. White Dwarf. Nuclear Fission. Singularity. Neutron Stars. Binary Stars.
52. Comets. Structure of a comet. Famous comets. Halley’s Comet. The relationship between comets and the sun. Tails. Solar winds. Orbit. Revolution.
53. Constellations. Big Dipper. Great Bear. Little Dipper. Twins. Virgin Pegasus. Whale. Hare. Scorpius.
54. Galaxies. How does a galaxy form? Types of galaxies. Dicoverer of galaxies. The Milky Way.
55. Meteors and Asteroids. What are they? How did they form? Risks of become destroyed by them.
56. Moons. Our moon. Phobos. Deimos. Other Solar system moons.
57. Aurora Borealis. Northern lights. Magnetic field. Photon. Solar flares. Solar winds. Zenith.
58. Planets of our Solar System. Their Composition, orbits, atmospheres, moons, rotation, translation, and most important features. Mercury. Mercury’s shrinking. Venus. Why is it called the evening star? Earth. Mars. Why is it red? Jupiter. What makes it storms? Saturn. What are its rings made of? Uranus. Why does it spin on its side? Neptune . How is it different from Uranus? Pluto. Mythology of planets.
59. Mars. Surface. Volcanoes. Channels. Poles. Moons. Atmosphere. The longest Canyon. Results of the exploration to Mars.
60. Space Shuttle. Rockets. Artificial Satellites. Structure. Functions. History and Evolution of Space Shuttles. Achievements.
61. Stars. Star formation. Neutron stars. Red Giants. White Dwarfs. Life Cycle of a Star.
62. The Sun. Composition. Parts. Sunlight. Solar and Lunar Eclipses.
63. Optical telescopes. Structure. Most important observatories with this type of telescope. Discoveries. Accomplishments.
64. Radiotelescopes. Structure. Function. Most important ones. Discoveries. Accomplishments.
65. Hubble Space Telescope. Structure. Function. Discoveries. Achievements.
66. Chandra X-Ray Observatory. Other X-Ray telescopes. Structure. Function. Discoveries. Accomplishments.
67. Neutrino Telescopes. Dark Matter telescopes. Structure. Function. Discoveries. Achievements.
68. Gamma rays telescopes. Structure. Function. Discoveries. Accomplishments.
69. Infrared telescopes. Structure. Function. Discoveries. Achievements.
70. Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope. Structure. Function. Discoveries. Accomplishments.
71. NASA most recent missions, non including Mars. Purpose. Tools. Schedule. Achievements.

Each student will research only one topic assigned by the teacher. Every research paper will include:

30. A cover page with the title, date, student's name, student's number, class, teacher, and period number.
31. A page with a table of content. All the subtitles or sections of the paper must be orderly listed in there with the corresponding page numbers.
32. A small introductory paragraph with a summary of what the article is about.
33. All the different sections of the paper separated by one space and all will have subtitles. Every section must be as extensive and detailed as possible, including when possible, pictures, graphs, diagrams, etc.
34. The Opinion of The Researcher section is a mandatory section for all topics. It includes your own input. Your opinion, comments at an evaluation level, interviews (for example, to an expert in the field), analysis (made by the student including comparison/contrast with similar discoveries/theories/inventions/applications, if it applies), constructive criticism, evaluations, inferences, predictions, suggested solutions, and conclusions are as important as the rest of the article which is basically informational and it is a compendium of different pieces of text coming from different sources. Express the importance of this type of research. Mention the benefits and consequences of all the possible applications of the knowledge obtained by this type of research.
35. Pictures and/or graphs (properly labeled) to illustrate and help explain the content of the article.
36. The references cited (bibliography) according to an established format (visit the website: http://www.library.wisc.edu/libraries/Memorial/citing.htm#APA and use the APA Style)
37. Suggested Internet addresses to visit about the topic. The name of the site, a summary of the main things that can be found there, and the web address must be included.
38. People or organizations to contact about the topic including name, address, phone number, fax number, e-mail, and webpages.
39. The paper must have a minimum of 6-8  pages letter size (not including the cover page, the table of content, and the literature cited), single spaced and a font not bigger than 12. The margins (top, bottom, right, and left) must be a maximum of 1 inch each.
40. Pieces of text that evidently show that they have been copied and pasted from the Internet will reduce the grade of the project. Clean the text from all the links, advertising, and unnecessary data from websites were you collect information from. Every single source where you took pieces of text, pictures, graphs from must be properly cited in the literature cited section
41. If you would like your paper to be considered for posting on Mr. Pagani's webpage, please, submit a floppy disk or CD with the file for the entire text in either one of these two formats: Word or rtf (rich text format). For this last one you just have to click in your computer, under file, SAVE AS and select rich text format for file type. Please, make sure you save it in at least two different places: your hard drive (drive C) and the floppy (drive A) or CD (drive D or E). Having an extra copy for safety saves a lot of work and time in case that an accident happens.
42. The student should verify and double check if the floppy disk or CD has the requested content in it. The best way to do it is opening the files in a different computer. The file must have the right format and must be functional.
43. An optional Diskette or CD-R with a Power Point Presentation on the topic, and a presentation to the entire class will guarantee extra credits. The Power Point Presentation file should be done following these instructions: Make an outline of your paper (short phrases and key words). Prepare a story board indicating which information is going to be shown in which slide and how (graphs, clip art, small amount of text in big fonts, pictures, flow charts, etc.). Then, convert that story board in a wonderful sequence of very well presented and organized slides. You want to have short amount of text in pretty big fonts and lots of visuals. Effects and sounds are not mandatory. A series of eight to ten slides should be enough for what is needed. Extra work is always welcome and rewarded.

____________________________________________________________________________________

DUE ON 03/15/04 & 03/16/04

Every project will consist of a paper, which will include:

1. A cover page with the title (name of the weather phenomenon assigned to you by the instructor), date, student's name, student's number (ID), class, teacher, and period number.
2. A page with a table of content. All the subtitles or sections of the paper must be orderly listed in there with the corresponding page numbers.
3. A small introductory paragraph with a summary of what the article is about.
4. All the different sections of the paper separated by one space and all will have subtitles. The Subtitles are: 1) Introduction, 2) Name of the phenomenon, 3) Formation of the phenomenon, 4) Causes, 5) Consequences, 6) Forecast, 7) Immediate precautions, 8) Renown cases in the world, 9) Famous cases in the U.S., 10) Human beings and this phenomenon, 11) Long-term prevention, 12) Opinion, 13) Information Sites, 14) Bibliography.
5. On section 1) the researcher should provide a one-paragraph (minimum) introduction to the study of the phenomenon assigned. A summary of the entire project could be part of this introduction. Section 2) should answer the question: What is this? A definition of the phenomenon being studied must be written here. The characteristics must be specified. Section 3) should answer the question: How does it form? The different factors that participate in the formation of this phenomenon must be listed and their interrelationship specified. On section 4) the answer to the question: What causes it? must be found. All the previous factors or conditions that had to occur in order to cause this phenomenon must be specified. On section 5), all the consequences (on agriculture, society, industry, housing, etc) of this type of phenomena must be individualized. Section 6) should cover all the ways to predict this type of phenomena. This section will also include a forecast that anticipates the new manifestations of this phenomenon. Section 7) should list all the immediate precautions that must be taken to reduce the consequences when there is a public warning anticipating this phenomenon. Section 8) should enumerate the most renown cases of this phenomenon in the world and the consequences. Section 9) will do the same as section 8 but in the U.S. Section 10 will explain how human beings are contributing to the formation of this phenomenon. Section 11 will list all the long-term changes that must be done in our society in order to reduce the formation of these phenomena and/or to reduce the consequences of them? Section 12) will express the researcher’s opinion about what the human beings have done to predict, combat, and control the phenomenon studied in this report. It should also include a comment about all the consequences that human beings experimented for neglecting certain weather forecasts. The opinion should include a comparison with consequences of other similar phenomena and a comparison of the ways in which other nations and the U.S. confront this phenomenon. In the Opinion section, the researcher expresses the importance of this type of research, mentions the benefits and consequences of all the possible applications of the knowledge obtained by this type of research. The opinion should include predictions about what will be accomplished in the future about this matter. On section 13) the researcher will specify where and how can anybody get up-to-date information about this type of phenomena in the world at all times? (web sites, phone numbers, TV channels, radio stations, organizations, people, and others). Section 14) must indicate all the sources from where the information of the project was obtained. It must follow the APA style format. (visit the website: http://www.library.wisc.edu/libraries/Memorial/citing.htm#APA )
6. Pictures and/or graphs (properly labeled) to illustrate and help explain the content of the article.
7. The paper must have a minimum of 6-8  pages letter size (not including the cover page, the table of content, and the literature cited), single spaced and a font not bigger than 12. The margins (top, bottom, right, and left) must be a maximum of 1 inch each.
8. Pieces of text that evidently show that have been copied exactly as they appear on the internet and pasted will reduce the grade of the project. Clean the text from all the links, advertising, and unnecessary data from websites were you collect information from.
9. If you would like your paper to be considered for posting on Mr. Pagani's webpage, please, submit a floppy disk or CD with the file for the entire text in either one of these two formats: Word or rtf (rich text format). For this last one you just have to click in your computer, under file, SAVE AS and select rich text format for file type. Please, make sure you save it in at least two different places: your hard drive (drive C) and the floppy (drive A) or CD (drive D or E). Having an extra copy for safety saves a lot of work and time in case that an accident happens.
10. The student should verify and double check if the floppy disk or CD has the requested content in it. The best way to do it is opening the files in a different computer. The file must have the right format and must be functional.

______________________________________________________________________________________________

DUE ON 01/05/04

Every project will consist of a paper, which will include:

1. A cover page with the title: MINERALS, date, student's name, student's number, class, teacher, and period number.
2. A page with a table of content. All the subtitles or sections of the paper must be orderly listed in there with the corresponding page numbers.
3. A small introductory paragraph with a summary of what the article is about.
4. All the different sections of the paper separated by one space and all will have subtitles. The Subtitles are: Mineral Formation and Structure, Mineral Identification, Uses of Minerals, and The Opinion of the Researcher.
5. The Mineral Formation and Structure section will define what a mineral is, explain how minerals are formed, describe the chemical composition of mineral groups, distinguish between minerals and non-minerals, and illustrate the tri-dimensional structure of mineral crystal systems.
6. The Mineral Identification section will list and explain the six properties of all minerals, identify special properties of minerals like magnetism and fluorescence, compare and contrast mineral cleavage and fracture, and indicate how the hardness of minerals is measured.
7. The Uses of Minerals section will describe the use of ores, list some common uses of minerals, distinguish between precious and semiprecious gems, list all the known applications of gems, and infer why metals are usually not found in their pure form in the earth's crust.
8. The Opinion of The Researcher section includes your own input. Your opinion, comments at an evaluation level (i.e. what about exhausting the sources of minerals available?) , interviews (for example, to an expert in the field), analysis (made by the student including comparison/contrast with similar very useful products of nature like crude oil), constructive criticism (i.e. about the abusive use of certain minerals), evaluations (i.e. workers of gold mines get sick after using so much mercury in the process), inferences (i.e. what is going to happen with the use of metals once the sources will be reduced to the minimum?), predictions (i.e. what rules will be implemented to control the use of certain minerals?), suggested solutions, and conclusions are as important as the rest of the article which is basically informational and it is a compendium of different pieces of text coming from different sources. Express the importance of this type of research. Mention the benefits and consequences of all the possible applications of the knowledge obtained by this type of research.
9. Pictures and/or graphs (properly labeled) to illustrate and help explain the content of the article.
10. The references cited (bibliography) according to an established format (visit the website: http://www.library.wisc.edu/libraries/Memorial/citing.htm#APA and use the APA Style)
11. Suggested Internet addresses to visit about the topic.
12. People or organizations to contact about the topic including name, address, phone number, fax number, e-mail, and webpages.
13. The paper must have a minimum of 6-8  pages letter size (not including the cover page, the table of content, and the literature cited), single spaced and a font not bigger than 12. The margins (top, bottom, right, and left) must be a maximum of 1 inch each.
14. Pieces of text that evidently show that they have been copied and pasted from the Internet will reduce the grade of the project. Clean the text from all the links, advertising, and unnecessary data from websites were you collect information from.
15. If you would like your paper to be considered for posting on Mr. Pagani's webpage, please, submit a floppy disk or CD with the file for the entire text in either one of these two formats: Word or rtf (rich text format). For this last one you just have to click in your computer, under file, SAVE AS and select rich text format for file type. Please, make sure you save it in at least two different places: your hard drive (drive C) and the floppy (drive A) or CD (drive D or E). Having an extra copy for safety saves a lot of work and time in case that an accident happens.
16. The student should verify and double check if the floppy disk or CD has the requested content in it. The best way to do it is opening the files in a different computer. The file must have the right format and must be functional.

____________________________________________________________________________________

Go back to the homepage