3.1 Matter
 | Matter - anything that occupies
space and mass. |
| Things that aren’t matter -
heat, gravity, ideas. |
| Physical properties - things you
can see without changing matter’s composition. |
| Volume - amount of space occupied by
matter. |
| Density - ratio of mass to volume. |
| Gold - density greater than water. |
| Physical states - solid, liquid,
gas. |
| Chemical properties - ability to
burn, decompose, rust. |
3.2 The Structure of
Matter
| Atom - smallest particle of an
element |
| Compound - 2 or more different
elements linked chemically in definite proportions. |
| Atom - contains 3 parts: proton,
neutron and electron; |
| 1st energy level - holds 2
electrons. |
| Atomic number - number of protons in
atom;determines the element. |
| Mass number - total number of
protons and neutrons in nucleus. |
| Isotope - atoms of element with
different number of neutrons. |
| Radioactive isotope - nucleus is
unstable. |
3.3 Reading Periodic
Table
| Atomic number - elements are
arranged according to atomic number. |
3.4 Chemical bonds and
reaction
| Ionic bonds - ions with opposite
charges are attracted to each other. |
| Sodium chloride - breaks into sodium
and chloride when placed in water. |
| Chemical reaction - process where
substances are changed into new substances by breaking
and forming bonds. |
3.5 Mixtures
| Solution - uniform mixture of 2 or
more substances. |
| Solvent - dissolving substance in a
solution;liquid. |
| Solute - dissolved substance in
solution;solid. |
| pH scale - measurement of hydrogen ions (H+) in solution. |