4.1 Organic chemistry
 | Organic compounds - contain carbon and come from living
organisms. |
| Inorganic
compounds - don’t contain carbon. |
| Carbon - can form many different compounds because of arrangement
of 6 electrons. |
| Functional
groups - special groups of atoms that carry out chemical reactions. |
| Monomers
- building blocks of molecules. |
| Polymers - molecules formed by linking 2 or more monomers. |
| Dehydration - removal of water in forming a compound. |
4.2 Carbohydrates
| Dissacharide - most common is sucrose (table sugar). |
| Polysaccharides - consists of thousands of linked monosaccharides. |
| Plants - produce cellulose for support. |
| Chitin - substance that makes up hard outer skeletons. |
4.3 Lipids
| Lipids - organic compound that includes fats, waxes, oils and steroids. |
| Fats - compound of glycerol and fatty acids. |
| Waxes - compound of fatty acid and alcohol. |
| Fatty acid - compound of carbon atoms with acid group at one end. |
| Saturated fats - fatty acid with maximum number of hydrogen atoms. |
4.4 Protein
| Amino acid - compound with amino(NH2), carboxyl (-COOH), side group. |
| Peptide bond - covalent (sharing) bond between amino and carboxyl group of two amino acids. |
| Peptides - compound consisting of 2 or more amino acids. |
| Enzymes - special proteins that speed up reactions. |
4.5 Nucleic acids
| Nucleic acids - large molecule composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and
phosphorus. |
| DNA - nucleic acid that contains the sugar,
deoxyribose. |