7.1 The Cell Cycle and Mitosis
| Cell cycle - phases in the life of a cell. |
| The chromosomes of a cell replicate during the S phase of Interphase. |
| Cytokinesis - second step of cell division. |
7.2 Mitotic Cell Division and Cytokinesis
| Prophase - microtubules that makeup spindle fibers begin to assemble. |
| Anaphase - sister chromatids are separated from each other. |
| Telophase - cell membrane begins to pinch the cell in two as cytokinesis begins. |
| Cytokinesis - proceeds differently in plant and animal cells. |
| In an animal cell, the cytoplasm divides into a groove called the cleavage furrow. |
7.3 Control of Mitosis
| Differentiation - changes that take place in cells as they develop. |
| Regeneration - process of growing lost body parts. |
| Asexual reproduction - reproduction in which one parent produces offspring by cell division. |
| Budding - a parent organism produces offspring by growing a tiny replica of itself on some part of its body part. |
| Cancer - process in which certain cells acquire abnormal size, shape and abilities. |
7.4 Meiosis and Sexual Reproduction
| Meiosis occurs only in eukaryotic cells, similar to mitosis. |
| Zygote - single cell that results from fertilization. |
| Homologous pairs - matching pair of chromosomes in a diploid cell. |
7.5 The Phases of Meiosis
| Each daughter cell produced during meiosis I divides again in meiosis II. |
| Each gene codes for one trait or characteristic of the organism. |
| Crossing over - exchange of genes between pairs of homologous chromosomes. |
7.6 Meiosis and Evolution
| Variation - differences among members of a population. |
| Genetic variation of a population - due to reshuffling of genes that occurs during meiosis that ensures a certain amount. |
| In environmental changes - a variety of traits within the population will increase the chance that some individuals will survive the change. |